Changes in seismic anisotropy at Ontake volcano: a tale of two eruptions
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26443/seismica.v4i1.1101Keywords:
Volcano seismology, Seismic anisotropy, shear wave splitting, phreatic eruptionAbstract
The interaction of faults, fractures, and hydromagmatic systems of volcanoes can lead to complicated stress patterns that vary over short spatial and temporal scales. Here we study stress-induced anisotropy using observations of shear-wave splitting at 12 stations across Ontake volcano, Japan. The results reveal a complicated pattern of anisotropy indicating that the volcano perturbs the local stress field. In 2007, a minor phreatic eruption (VEI 0) occurred at Ontake, but there is little evidence of changes in splitting parameters during this eruption. In contrast, the much large eruption of 2014 (VEI 3) shows clear temporal changes in splitting parameters following the eruption. The average background magnitude of anisotropy, as described by the delay time between the fast and slow shear wave, doubles to nearly 0.2 second at the onset of the 2014 eruption, but the percent anisotropy increases dramatically from 3% to 20%. Contemporaneously, the polarisation of the fast shear wave rotates towards sHmax. We interpret these observations in terms of basal heating of the hydrothermal system. We suggest that a lack of temporal variation in anisotropy parameters during the 2007 eruption indicates that a critical stress or crack density threshold must be overcome to exhibit a change in anisotropy, which may be indicative of a more significant eruption.
References
Adelinet, M., Dorbath, C., Calò, M., Dorbath, L., & Le Ravalec, M. (2015). Crack Features and Shear-Wave Splitting Associated with Fracture Extension during Hydraulic Stimulation of the Geothermal Reservoir in Soultz-sous-Forêts. Oil & Gas Science and Technology – Revue d’IFP Energies Nouvelles, 71(3), 39. https://doi.org/10.2516/ogst/2015023 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2516/ogst/2015023
Agency, J. M. (2007). Activity reports of Ontake volcano (in Japanese. Coordinating Committee for Prediction of Volcanic Eruption.
Al-Harrasi, O. H., Al-Anboori, A., Wüstefeld, A., & Kendall, J.-M. (2010). Seismic anisotropy in a hydrocarbon field estimated from microseismic data. Geophysical Prospecting, 59(2), 227–243. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.2010.00915.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.2010.00915.x
Ando, M., Ishikawa, Y., & Wada, H. (1980). S-wave anisotropy in the upper mantle under a volcanic area in Japan. Nature, 286(5768), 43–46. https://doi.org/10.1038/286043a0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/286043a0
Araragi, K. R., Savage, M. K., Ohminato, T., & Aoki, Y. (2015). Seismic anisotropy of the upper crust around Mount Fuji, Japan. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 120(4), 2739–2751. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014jb011554 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JB011554
Babuska, V., & Cara, M. (1991). Seismic Anisotropy in the Earth. In Modern Approaches in Geophysics. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3600-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3600-6
Baird, A. F., Kendall, J.-M., Verdon, J. P., Wuestefeld, A., Noble, T. E., Li, Y., Dutko, M., & Fisher, Q. J. (2013). Monitoring increases in fracture connectivity during hydraulic stimulations from temporal variations in shear wave splitting polarization. Geophysical Journal International, 195(2), 1120–1131. https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggt274 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggt274
Baird, Alan F., Kendall, J. M., Fisher, Q. J., & Budge, J. (2017). The Role of Texture, Cracks, and Fractures in Highly Anisotropic Shales. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 122(12). https://doi.org/10.1002/2017jb014710 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JB014710
Baird, Alan F., Kendall, J.-M., Sparks, R. S. J., & Baptie, B. (2015). Transtensional deformation of Montserrat revealed by shear wave splitting. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 425, 179–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2015.06.006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2015.06.006
Bianco, F., Scarfı, L., Del Pezzo, E., & Patanè, D. (2006). Shear wave splitting changes associated with the 2001 volcanic eruption on Mt Etna. Geophysical Journal International, 167(2), 959–967. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2006.03152.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.03152.x
Booth, D. C., & Crampin, S. (1985). Shear-wave polarizations on a curved wavefront at an isotropic free surface. Geophysical Journal International, 83(1), 31–45. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.1985.tb05154.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1985.tb05154.x
Caudron, C., Aoki, Y., Lecocq, T., De Plaen, R., Soubestre, J., Mordret, A., Seydoux, L., & Terakawa, T. (2022). Hidden pressurized fluids prior to the 2014 phreatic eruption at Mt Ontake. Nature Communications, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-32252-w DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-32252-w
Chapman, M. (1985). Frequency-dependent anisotropy due to meso-scale fractures in the presence of equant porosity. Geophysical Journal International, 83(1), 31–45. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2478.2003.00384.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2478.2003.00384.x
Chouet, B. A. (1996). Long-period volcano seismicity: its source and use in eruption forecasting. Nature, 380(6572), 309–316. https://doi.org/10.1038/380309a0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/380309a0
Chouet, B. A., & Matoza, R. S. (2013). A multi-decadal view of seismic methods for detecting precursors of magma movement and eruption. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 252, 108–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.11.013 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.11.013
Crampin, S. (1984). Effective anisotropic elastic constants for wave propagation through cracked solids. Geophysical Journal International, 76(1), 135–145. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.1984.tb05029.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1984.tb05029.x
Crampin, Stuart. (1994). The fracture criticality of crustal rocks. Geophysical Journal International, 118(2), 428–438. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.1994.tb03974.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1994.tb03974.x
Dahlen, F. A. (1972). Elastic velocity anisotropy in the presence of an anisotropic initial stress. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 62(5), 1183–1193. https://doi.org/10.1785/bssa0620051183 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0620051183
Dahm, T. (2000). Numerical simulations of the propagation path and the arrest of fluid-filled fractures in the Earth. Geophysical Journal International, 141(3), 623–638. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246x.2000.00102.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246x.2000.00102.x
De Meersman, K., Kendall, J.-M., & van der Baan, M. (2009). The 1998 Valhall microseismic data set: An integrated study of relocated sources, seismic multiplets, and S-wave splitting. Geophysics, 74(5), B183–B195. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.3205028 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.3205028
De Siena, L., Thomas, C., Waite, G. P., Moran, S. C., & Klemme, S. (2014). Attenuation and scattering tomography of the deep plumbing system of Mount St. Helens. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 119(11), 8223–8238. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014jb011372 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JB011372
Del Pezzo, E., Bianco, F., Petrosino, S., & Saccorotti, G. (2004). Changes in the Coda Decay Rate and Shear-Wave Splitting Parameters Associated with Seismic Swarms at Mt. Vesuvius, Italy. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 94(2), 439–452. https://doi.org/10.1785/0120030141 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0120030141
Elkibbi, M., & Rial, J. A. (2005). The Geysers geothermal field: results from shear-wave splitting analysis in a fractured reservoir. Geophysical Journal International, 162(3), 1024–1035. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2005.02698.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2005.02698.x
Gerst, A., & Savage, M. K. (2004). Seismic Anisotropy Beneath Ruapehu Volcano: A Possible Eruption Forecasting Tool. Science, 306(5701), 1543–1547. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1103445 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1103445
González, M., & Munguía, L. (2003). Seismic Anisotropy Observations in the Mexicali Valley, Baja California, México. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 160(12), 2257–2278. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-003-2393-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-003-2393-1
Hamling, I. J., & Kilgour, G. (2020). Goldilocks conditions required for earthquakes to trigger basaltic eruptions: Evidence from the 2015 Ambrym eruption. Science Advances, 6(14). https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaz5261 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaz5261
Hudson, T. S., Kendall, J. M., Blundy, J. D., Pritchard, M. E., MacQueen, P., Wei, S. S., Gottsmann, J. H., & Lapins, S. (2023). Hydrothermal Fluids and Where to Find Them: Using Seismic Attenuation and Anisotropy to Map Fluids Beneath Uturuncu Volcano, Bolivia. Geophysical Research Letters, 50(5). https://doi.org/10.1029/2022gl100974 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL100974
Illsley-Kemp, F., Savage, M. K., Keir, D., Hirschberg, H. P., Bull, J. M., Gernon, T. M., Hammond, J. O. S., Kendall, J.-M., Ayele, A., & Goitom, B. (2017). Extension and stress during continental breakup: Seismic anisotropy of the crust in Northern Afar. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 477, 41–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2017.08.014 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2017.08.014
Japan, G. S. (2008). National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science. http://riodb02.ibase.aist.go.jp/strata/VOL_JP/EN/vol/70.htm,
Johnson, J. H., & Poland, M. P. (2013). Seismic detection of increased degassing before Kīlauea’s 2008 summit explosion. Nature Communications, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms2703 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms2703
Johnson, J. H., Prejean, S., Savage, M. K., & Townend, J. (2010). Anisotropy, repeating earthquakes, and seismicity associated with the 2008 eruption of Okmok volcano, Alaska. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 115(B9). https://doi.org/10.1029/2009jb006991 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JB006991
Johnson, J. H., Savage, M. K., & Townend, J. (2011). Distinguishing between stress-induced and structural anisotropy at Mount Ruapehu volcano, New Zealand. Journal of Geophysical Research, 116(B12). https://doi.org/10.1029/2011jb008308 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JB008308
Jones, G. A., Kendall, J. ‐M., Bastow, I., Raymer, D. G., & Wuestefeld, A. (2014). Characterization of fractures and faults: a multi‐component passive microseismic study from the Ekofisk reservoir. Geophysical Prospecting, 62(4), 779–796. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2478.12139 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2478.12139
Kanaori, Y., Endo, Y., Yairi, K., & Kawakami, S.-I. (1990). A nested fault system with block rotation caused by left-lateral faulting: the Neodani and Atera faults, central Japan. Tectonophysics, 177(4), 401–418. https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(90)90398-r DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(90)90398-R
Kaneko, T., Maeno, F., & Nakada, S. (2016). 2014 Mount Ontake eruption: characteristics of the phreatic eruption as inferred from aerial observations. Earth, Planets and Space, 68(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-016-0452-y DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-016-0452-y
Kato, A., Terakawa, T., Yamanaka, Y., Maeda, Y., Horikawa, S., Matsuhiro, K., & Okuda, T. (2015). Preparatory and precursory processes leading up to the 2014 phreatic eruption of Mount Ontake, Japan. Earth, Planets and Space, 67(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-015-0288-x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-015-0288-x
Kendall, J-M. (2000). Seismic anisotropy in the boundary layers of the Earth′s mantle, Earth′s Deep Interior: Mineral Physics and Tomography from the Atomic to the Global Scale. In Earth’s Deep Interior: Mineral Physics and Tomography From the Atomic to the Global Scale (pp. 133–159). American Geophysical Union. https://doi.org/10.1029/gm117p0133 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/GM117p0133
Kendall, J.-M., Fisher, Q. J., Crump, S. C., Maddock, J., Carter, A., Hall, S. A., Wookey, J., Valcke, S. L. A., Casey, M., Lloyd, G., & Ismail, W. B. (2007). Seismic anisotropy as an indicator of reservoir quality in siliciclastic rocks. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 292(1), 123–136. https://doi.org/10.1144/sp292.7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1144/SP292.7
Kimura, J., & Yoshida, T. (1999). Magma plumbing system beneath Ontake Volcano, central Japan. Island Arc, 8(1), 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1738.1999.00219.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1738.1999.00219.x
Koulakov, I., Maksotova, G., Jaxybulatov, K., Kasatkina, E., Shapiro, N. M., Luehr, B., El Khrepy, S., & Al‐Arifi, N. (2016). Structure of magma reservoirs beneath Merapi and surrounding volcanic centers of Central Java modeled from ambient noise tomography. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 17(10), 4195–4211. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016gc006442 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GC006442
Lapins, S., Goitom, B., Kendall, J., Werner, M. J., Cashman, K. V., & Hammond, J. O. S. (2021). A Little Data Goes a Long Way: Automating Seismic Phase Arrival Picking at Nabro Volcano With Transfer Learning. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 126(7). https://doi.org/10.1029/2021jb021910 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JB021910
Lapins, S., Roman, D. C., Rougier, J., De Angelis, S., Cashman, K. V., & Kendall, J.-M. (2020). An examination of the continuous wavelet transform for volcano-seismic spectral analysis. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 389, 106728. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2019.106728 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2019.106728
Long, M. D., & van der Hilst, R. D. (2005). Upper mantle anisotropy beneath Japan from shear wave splitting. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 151(3–4), 206–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pepi.2005.03.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pepi.2005.03.003
Maccaferri, F., Bonafede, M., & Rivalta, E. (2010). A numerical model of dyke propagation in layered elastic media. Geophysical Journal International, 180(3), 1107–1123. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2009.04495.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04495.x
Maher, S., & Kendall, J.-M. (2018). Crustal anisotropy and state of stress at Uturuncu Volcano, Bolivia, from shear-wave splitting measurements and magnitude–frequency distributions in seismicity. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 495, 38–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2018.04.060 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2018.04.060
Malfante, M., Dalla Mura, M., Metaxian, J.-P., Mars, J. I., Macedo, O., & Inza, A. (2018). Machine Learning for Volcano-Seismic Signals: Challenges and Perspectives. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 35(2), 20–30. https://doi.org/10.1109/msp.2017.2779166 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/MSP.2017.2779166
Manga, M., & Brodsky, E. (2006). SEISMIC TRIGGERING OF ERUPTIONS IN THE FAR FIELD: Volcanoes and Geysers. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 34(1), 263–291. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.earth.34.031405.125125 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.earth.34.031405.125125
McNutt, S. R. (1996). Seismic Monitoring and Eruption Forecasting of Volcanoes: A Review of the State-of-the-Art and Case Histories. In Monitoring and Mitigation of Volcano Hazards (pp. 99–146). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80087-0_3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80087-0_3
McNutt, Stephen R. (2005). VOLCANIC SEISMOLOGY. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 33(1), 461–491. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.earth.33.092203.122459 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.earth.33.092203.122459
Mengesha, D. Y., Savage, M. K., Jolly, A. D., & Ebinger, C. J. (2024). Time Varying Crustal Anisotropy at Whakaari/White Island Volcano. Geophysical Research Letters, 51(11). https://doi.org/10.1029/2023gl106473 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL106473
Miller, V., & Savage, M. (2001). Changes in Seismic Anisotropy After Volcanic Eruptions: Evidence from Mount Ruapehu. Science, 293(5538), 2231–2233. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1063463 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1063463
Mroczek, S., Savage, M. K., Hopp, C., & Sewell, S. M. (2019). Anisotropy as an indicator for reservoir changes: example from the Rotokawa and Ngatamariki geothermal fields, New Zealand. Geophysical Journal International, 220(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggz400 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggz400
Murase, M., Kimata, F., Yamanaka, Y., Horikawa, S., Matsuhiro, K., Matsushima, T., Mori, H., Ohkura, T., Yoshikawa, S., Miyajima, R., Inoue, H., Mishima, T., Sonoda, T., Uchida, K., Yamamoto, K., & Nakamichi, H. (2016). Preparatory process preceding the 2014 eruption of Mount Ontake volcano, Japan: insights from precise leveling measurements. Earth, Planets and Space, 68(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-016-0386-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-016-0386-4
Nakamichi, H., Kumagai, H., Nakano, M., Okubo, M., Kimata, F., Ito, Y., & Obara, K. (2009). Source mechanism of a very-long-period event at Mt Ontake, central Japan: Response of a hydrothermal system to magma intrusion beneath the summit. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 187(3–4), 167–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.09.006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.09.006
Neuberg, J. (2000). Characteristics and causes of shallow seismicity in andesite volcanoes. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 358(1770), 1533–1546. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2000.0602 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2000.0602
Nowacki, A., Wilks, M., Kendall, J.-M., Biggs, J., & Ayele, A. (2018). Characterising hydrothermal fluid pathways beneath Aluto volcano, Main Ethiopian Rift, using shear wave splitting. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 356, 331–341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2018.03.023 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2018.03.023
Nur, A. (1971). Effects of stress on velocity anisotropy in rocks with cracks. Journal of Geophysical Research, 76(8), 2022–2034. https://doi.org/10.1029/jb076i008p02022 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/JB076i008p02022
Nur, A. (1972). Dilatancy, pore fluids, and premonitory variations of ts/tp travel times. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 62(5), 1217–1222. https://doi.org/10.1785/bssa0620051217 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0620051217
Nur, A., & Simmons, G. (1969). Stress-induced velocity anisotropy in rock: An experimental study. Journal of Geophysical Research, 74(27), 6667–6674. https://doi.org/10.1029/jb074i027p06667 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/JB074i027p06667
Okada, Y. (1992). Internal deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 82(2), 1018–1040. https://doi.org/10.1785/bssa0820021018 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0820021018
Petersen, T., Gledhill, K., Chadwick, M., Gale, N. H., & Ristau, J. (2011). The New Zealand National Seismograph Network. Seismological Research Letters, 82(1), 9–20. https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.82.1.9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.82.1.9
Roman, D.C., Moran, S. C., Power, J. A., & Cashman, K. V. (2004). Temporal and Spatial Variation of Local Stress Fields before and after the 1992 Eruptions of Crater Peak Vent, Mount Spurr Volcano, Alaska. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 94(6), 2366–2379. https://doi.org/10.1785/0120030259 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0120030259
Roman, Diana C., Savage, M. K., Arnold, R., Latchman, J. L., & De Angelis, S. (2011). Analysis and forward modeling of seismic anisotropy during the ongoing eruption of the Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat, 1996–2007. Journal of Geophysical Research, 116(B3). https://doi.org/10.1029/2010jb007667 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JB007667
Savage, M. K. (1999). Seismic anisotropy and mantle deformation: What have we learned from shear wave splitting? Reviews of Geophysics, 37(1), 65–106. https://doi.org/10.1029/98rg02075 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/98RG02075
Savage, M. K., Ferrazzini, V., Peltier, A., Rivemale, E., Mayor, J., Schmid, A., Brenguier, F., Massin, F., Got, J. ‐L., Battaglia, J., DiMuro, A., Staudacher, T., Rivet, D., Taisne, B., & Shelley, A. (2015). Seismic anisotropy and its precursory change before eruptions at Piton de la Fournaise volcano, La Réunion. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 120(5), 3430–3458. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014jb011665 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JB011665
Savage, M., Ohminato, T., Aoki, Y., Tsuji, H., & Greve, S. (2010). Stress magnitude and its temporal variation at Mt. Asama Volcano, Japan, from seismic anisotropy and GPS. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 290, 403–414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elsl.2009.12.037 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2009.12.037
Schoenberg, M., & Sayers, C. M. (1995). Seismic anisotropy of fractured rock. Geophysics, 60(1), 204–211. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1443748 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1443748
Silver, P. G., & Chan, W. W. (1991). Shear wave splitting and subcontinental mantle deformation. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 96(B10), 16429–16454. https://doi.org/10.1029/91jb00899 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/91JB00899
Sparks, R. S. J., & Aspinall, W. P. (2004). Volcanic activity: Frontiers and challenges in forecasting, prediction and risk assessment. In The State of the Planet: Frontiers and Challenges in Geophysics (pp. 359–373). American Geophysical Union. https://doi.org/10.1029/150gm28 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/150GM28
Stix, J., & de Moor, J. M. (2018). Understanding and forecasting phreatic eruptions driven by magmatic degassing. Earth, Planets and Space, 70(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-018-0855-z DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-018-0855-z
Stork, A. L., Verdon, J. P., & Kendall, J.-M. (2015). The microseismic response at the In Salah Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) site. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 32, 159–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2014.11.014 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2014.11.014
Takagi, A., & Onizawa, S. (2016). Shallow pressure sources associated with the 2007 and 2014 phreatic eruptions of Mt. Ontake, Japan. Earth, Planets and Space, 68(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-016-0515-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-016-0515-0
Teanby, N. A., Kendall, J. M., & Baan, M. (2004). Automation of Shear-Wave Splitting Measurements using Cluster Analysis. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 94(2), 453–463. https://doi.org/10.1785/0120030123 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0120030123
Teanby, N., Kendall, J.-M., Jones, R. H., & Barkved, O. (2004). Stress-induced temporal variations in seismic anisotropy observed in microseismic data. Geophysical Journal International, 156(3), 459–466. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2004.02212.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02212.x
Terakawa, T., Kato, A., Yamanaka, Y., Maeda, Y., Horikawa, S., Matsuhiro, K., & Okuda, T. (2016). Monitoring eruption activity using temporal stress changes at Mount Ontake volcano. Nature Communications, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10797 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10797
Toda, S., Stein, R. S., Richards‐Dinger, K., & Bozkurt, S. B. (2005). Forecasting the evolution of seismicity in southern California: Animations built on earthquake stress transfer. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 110(B5). https://doi.org/10.1029/2004jb003415 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JB003415
Townend, J., & Zoback, M. D. (2006). Stress, strain, and mountain building in central Japan. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 111(B3). https://doi.org/10.1029/2005jb003759 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JB003759
Tsvankin, I., Gaiser, J., Grechka, V., van der Baan, M., & Thomsen, L. (2010). Seismic anisotropy in exploration and reservoir characterization: An overview. Geophysics, 75(5), 75A15-75A29. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.3481775 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.3481775
Verdon, J. P., Kendall, J.-M., & Wüstefeld, A. (2009). Imaging fractures and sedimentary fabrics using shear wave splitting measurements made on passive seismic data. Geophysical Journal International, 179(2), 1245–1254. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2009.04347.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04347.x
Volti, T., & Crampin, S. (2003). A four-year study of shear-wave splitting in Iceland: 2. Temporal changes before earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 212(1), 135–149. https://doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.2003.212.01.09 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2003.212.01.09
Wang, R., Lorenzo-Martín, F., & Roth, F. (2006). PSGRN/PSCMP—a new code for calculating co- and post-seismic deformation, geoid and gravity changes based on the viscoelastic-gravitational dislocation theory. Computers & Geosciences, 32(4), 527–541. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2005.08.006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2005.08.006
Wegler, U., Lühr, B. ‐G., Snieder, R., & Ratdomopurbo, A. (2006). Increase of shear wave velocity before the 1998 eruption of Merapi volcano (Indonesia). Geophysical Research Letters, 33(9). https://doi.org/10.1029/2006gl025928 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL025928
Wuestefeld, A., Al‐Harrasi, O., Verdon, J. P., Wookey, J., & Kendall, J. M. (2010). A strategy for automated analysis of passive microseismic data to image seismic anisotropy and fracture characteristics. Geophysical Prospecting, 58(5), 755–773. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.2010.00891.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.2010.00891.x
Wuestefeld, A., Verdon, J. P., Kendall, J.-M., Rutledge, J., Clarke, H., & Wookey, J. (2011). Inferring rock fracture evolution during reservoir stimulation from seismic anisotropy. Geophysics, 76(6), WC157–WC166. https://doi.org/10.1190/geo2011-0057.1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1190/geo2011-0057.1
Wustefeld, A., & Bokelmann, G. (2007). Null Detection in Shear-Wave Splitting Measurements. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 97(4), 1204–1211. https://doi.org/10.1785/0120060190 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0120060190
Yamaoka, K., Geshi, N., Hashimoto, T., Ingebritsen, S. E., & Oikawa, T. (2016). Special issue “The phreatic eruption of Mt. Ontake volcano in 2014.” Earth, Planets and Space, 68(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-016-0548-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-016-0548-4
Zatsepin, S. V., & Crampin, S. (1997). Modelling the compliance of crustal rock - I. Response of shear-wave splitting to differential stress. Geophysical Journal International, 129(3), 477–494. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.1997.tb04488.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1997.tb04488.x
Zhang, M., & Wen, L. (2015). Earthquake characteristics before eruptions of Japan’s Ontake volcano in 2007 and 2014. Geophysical Research Letters, 42(17), 6982–6988. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015gl065165 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL065165
Downloads
Additional Files
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Michael Kendall, Toshiko Terakawa, Martha Savage, Tom Kettlety, Daniel Minifie, Haruhisa Nakamichi, Andreas Wuestefeld
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Funding data
-
UK Research and Innovation
Grant numbers NE/R018006/1
