Performance of Slab Geometry Constraints on Rapid Geodetic Slip Models, Tsunami Amplitude, and Inundation Estimates in Cascadia

Authors

  • Kevin Kwong University of Washington, Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Seattle, Washington, USA; California State Polytechnic University,Pomona, Geological Sciences Department, Pomona, CA, USA
  • Brendan Crowell The Ohio State University, School of Earth Sciences, Columbus, Ohio, USA https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7096-601X
  • Amy Williamson Berkeley Seismology Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1481-725X
  • Diego Melgar University of Oregon, Department of Earth Sciences,Eugene, Oregon, USA; Cascadia Region Earthquake Science Center, Eugene, Oregon, USA
  • Yong Wei University of Washington, Cooperative Institute forClimate, Ocean, & Ecosystem Studies, Seattle, Washington, USA; NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Lab, Seattle, WA, USA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6908-1342

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26443/seismica.v2i4.1406

Abstract

Tsunamigenic megathrust earthquakes along the Cascadia subduction zone present a major hazard concern. We can better prepare to model the earthquake source in a rapid manner by imbuing fault geometry constraints based on prior knowledge and by evaluating the capabilities of using existing GNSS sensors. Near-field GNSS waveforms have shown promise in providing rapid coarse finite-fault model approximations of the earthquake rupture that can improve tsunami modeling and response time. In this study, we explore the performance of GNSS derived finite-fault inversions and tsunami forecasting predictions in Cascadia that highlights the impact and potential of geodetic techniques and data in operational earthquake and tsunami monitoring. We utilized 1300 Cascadia earthquake simulations (FakeQuakes) that provide realistic (M7.5-9.3) rupture scenarios to assess how feasibly finite-fault models can be obtained in a rapid earthquake early warning and tsunami response context. A series of fault models with rectangular dislocation patches spanning the Cascadia megathrust area is added to the GFAST inversion algorithm to calculate slip for each earthquake scenario. Another method used to constrain the finite-fault geometry is from the GNSS-derived CMT fault plane solution. For the Cascadia region, we show that fault discretization using two rectangular segments approximating the megathrust portion of the subduction zone leads to improvements in modeling magnitude, fault slip, tsunami amplitude, and inundation. In relation to tsunami forecasting capabilities, we compare coastal amplitude predictions spanning from Vancouver Island (Canada) to Northern California (USA). Generally, the coastal amplitudes derived using fault parameters from the CMT solutions show an overestimation bias compared to amplitudes derived from the fixed slab model. We also see improved prediction values of the run-up height and maximum amplitude at 10 tide gauge stations using the fixed slab model as well.

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Seismica cover image for Volume 2, Number 4: The Cascadia Subduction Zone: Grand Challenges and Research Frontiers. Image shows a hemispherical white dome on a four-legged stand on a rocky mountain peak. In the far distance, a series of sharp rocky and snowy peaks stretches toward the setting sun which is refracted through thin clouds.

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Published

2025-02-13

How to Cite

Kwong, K., Crowell, B., Williamson, A., Melgar, D., & Wei, Y. (2025). Performance of Slab Geometry Constraints on Rapid Geodetic Slip Models, Tsunami Amplitude, and Inundation Estimates in Cascadia. Seismica, 2(4). https://doi.org/10.26443/seismica.v2i4.1406

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Vol. 2 No. 4: Special Issue: the Cascadia Subduction Zone

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Special Issue: the Cascadia Subduction Zone

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Copyright (c) 2023 Kevin Kwong, Brendan Crowell, Amy Williamson, Diego Melgar, Yong Wei

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