Mapping finite-fault earthquake slip using spatial correlation between seismicity and point-source Coulomb failure stress change
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26443/seismica.v4i1.1412Keywords:
earthquake, seismicity, aftershocks, Coulomb failure stress, finite fault slip, fault geometryAbstract
Most earthquake energy release arises during fault slip many kilometers below the Earth’s surface. Understanding earthquakes and their hazard requires mapping the geometry and distribution of this slip. Such finite-fault maps are typically derived from surface phenomena, such as seismic and geodetic ground motions. Here we introduce an imaging procedure for mapping finite-fault slip directly from seismicity and aftershocks—phenomena occurring at depth around an earthquake rupture. For specified source and receiver faults, we map source-fault slip in 3D by correlation of point-source Coulomb failure stress change (ΔCFS) kernels across the distribution of seismicity around the source. These seismicity-stress maps show relative, static fault slip compatible with the surrounding seismicity given the physics of ΔCFS; they can aid other slip inversions, aftershock forecasting, and study of early instrumental earthquakes and volcanic intrusions. We verify this procedure recovers synthetic fault slip which matches independent estimates of slip for the 2004 Mw 6.0 Parkfield and 2021 Mw 6.0 Antelope Valley California earthquakes. For the 2018 Mw 7.1 Anchorage Alaska intra-slab earthquake, seismicity-stress maps, combined with multi-scale precise hypocenter relocation, resolve the enigma of which mainshock faulting plane ruptured (the gently east-dipping plane), and clarify slab structures activated in the energetic aftershock sequence.
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