Paleoseismic history of the causative faults of the 2019 Ridgecrest, California earthquake sequence
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26443/seismica.v5i2.1780Abstract
The July 2019 Ridgecrest sequence ruptured two nearly orthogonal faults, the left-lateral, NE-striking Salt Wells Valley fault (Mw 6.4) and the right-lateral, NW-striking Paxton Ranch fault (Mw 7.1), highlighting the hazard of multi-fault earthquakes in the Walker Lane. To test whether similar conjugate ruptures occurred previously, we excavated five paleoseismic trenches and constrained paleo-earthquake timing using luminescence ages. Salt Wells Valley exposures record the 2019 rupture and only one earlier surface-faulting earthquake (17-27 ka), indicating infrequent activity. In contrast, Paxton Ranch strata preserve two Holocene events (4.4-8.7 ka and 10.6-14.6 ka) and up to three late Pleistocene events (17 ka and older) in addition to 2019. These records indicate that rupture along the Paxton Ranch fault commonly occurs independently of the Salt Wells Valley fault. Slip rates based on 2019 displacements and these event intervals are 0.2-1.3 mm yr⁻¹ for Paxton Ranch and 0.01-0.09 mm yr⁻¹ for Salt Wells Valley. The 2019 sequence therefore represents an unusual pairing of an often-active dextral fault with a much less active sinistral fault. The contrasting recurrence and lack of overlap, together with regional paleoseismic patterns, indicate that synchronous rupture is not systematic but instead varies among faults within an evolving network. This suggests that seismic hazard reflects a fault system in which rupture is governed by time-dependent fault network interactions rather than independent, repeatable behavior of individual faults.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Ian K. D. Pierce, Alana Williams, Richard D. Koehler, J. Ramón Arrowsmith, Kathleen Rodrigues
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