Seismo-Acoustic Meteoroid Observation Recording Database (SMORD): A Global Dataset and Deep-Learning Phase Picker for Meteoroid-Generated Air-to-Ground Coupled Seismic Waves
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26443/seismica.v5i2.2551Keywords:
infrasound, seismology, deep learning, seismoacoustic, databaseAbstract
Meteoroids impacting Earth's atmosphere generate acoustic waves that can couple into the ground and can be recorded by dense, globally distributed seismic networks. Thus, these records complement optical and radar observations, especially since seismic stations also operate in cloudy weather conditions and during daytime. However, open datasets that link meteoroid events to labeled seismic waveforms are scarce, limiting the development of automated detectors for meteoroid-induced seismo-acoustic signals. We introduce the Seismo-acoustic Meteoroid Observation Recording Database (SMORD), compiled by cross-referencing public meteoroid catalogs (International Meteor Organization fireball reports; NASA CNEOS fireball catalog) with seismic archives. Continuous waveforms are manually labeled for the first clear meteoroid-related onset of air-to-ground coupled seismic waves using a three-level pick-quality scheme. SMORD v1.0 contains 310 meteoroid events and 3,295 labeled arrivals across a global station set. Using SMORD labels, we train a PhaseNet picker in SeisBench with station-level splits and augmentation. On test data, the model achieves 91% precision and 94% recall at a 0.5 decision threshold (area-under-curve value 0.89), with median absolute timing error of 0.02~s (90% within c. ±0.3 s). We demonstrate automated onset detection and trajectory reconstruction for an April 2025 Adriatic fireball, highlighting the values of SMORD for rapid post-event analysis.
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FR: Epos-France. (1962). Epos-France Broad-band network (RLBP) [Data set]. Epos-France Seismological Data Center. https://doi.org/10.15778/RESIF.FR
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PE: Penn State University. (2004). Pennsylvania State Seismic Network [Data set]. International Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks. https://doi.org/10.7914/SN/PE
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TD: TransAlta Corporation (2013). TransAlta Monitoring Network [Data set]. TransAlta Corporation, Canada
TH: Institut fuer Geowissenschaften, Friedrich-Schiller-Universitaet Jena. (2009). Thüringer Seismologisches Netz [Data set]. International Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks. https://doi.org/10.7914/SN/TH
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TX: Bureau of Economic Geology, The University of Texas at Austin. (2016). Texas Seismological Network [Data set]. International Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks. https://doi.org/10.7914/SN/TX
UK: University of Leicester (SEIS UK) (2005). UK Schools Seismic Network [Data set]. University of Leicester (SEIS UK), United Kingdom.
UO: University of Oregon. (1990). Pacific Northwest Seismic Network - University of Oregon [Data set]. International Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks. https://doi.org/10.7914/SN/UO
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UW: University of Washington. (1963). Pacific Northwest Seismic Network - University of Washington [Data set]. International Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks. https://doi.org/10.7914/SN/UW
WA: Universidad Nacional de San Juan (UNSJ) (1958). West Central Argentina Network [Data set]. Universidad Nacional de San Juan (UNSJ), Argentina.
X4: Jay Pulliam. (2010). Texas Gulf Coastal Plain, USA [Data set]. International Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks. https://doi.org/10.7914/SN/X4_2010
XA: Karen Fischer & Michael Wysession. (1995). Missouri to Massachusetts Array [Data set]. International Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks. https://doi.org/10.7914/SN/XA_1995
XB: Alan Levander, Gene Humphreys, & Pat Ryan. (2009). Program to Investigate Convective Alboran Sea System Overturn [Data set]. International Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks. https://doi.org/10.7914/SN/XB_2009
XD: Simon Klemperer. (2011). Passive seismic study of a magma-dominated rift: the Salton Trough [Data set]. International Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks. https://doi.org/10.7914/SN/XD_2011
XI: Suzan van der Lee, Douglas Wiens, Justin Revenaugh, Andrew Frederiksen, & Fiona Darbyshire. (2011). Superior Province Rifting Earthscope Experiment [Data set]. International Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks. https://doi.org/10.7914/SN/XI_2011
XJ: Steve Roecker. (1995). Adirondack Broadband Campaign [Data set]. International Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks. https://doi.org/10.7914/SN/XJ_1995
XO: Gary Pavlis & Hersh Gilbert. (2011). Ozark Illinois Indiana Kentucky (OIINK) Flexible Array Experiment [Data set]. International Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks. https://doi.org/10.7914/SN/XO_2011
XP: Maureen D. Long. (2015). Seismic Experiment for Imaging Structure beneath Connecticut [Data set]. International Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks. https://doi.org/10.7914/SN/XP_2015
XU: Anne Sheehan. (2016). USGS NEHRP Proposal 2016-0180 - Greeley [Data set]. International Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks. https://doi.org/10.7914/SN/XU_2016
XY: Penn State University (2013). PASEIS [Data set]. Penn State University, United States of America.
Y3: Lara Wagner & Diana Roman. (2017). Delaware 2017 Aftershock Study [Data set]. International Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks. https://doi.org/10.7914/SN/Y3_2017
Y5: University of Alberta (2006). Canadian Rockies and Alberta Network [Data set]. University of Alberta, Canada.
Y7: Nori Nakata. (2016). Acquisition of aftershock sequence of the 2016 M5.6 Sooner Lake Earthquake [Data set]. International Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks. https://doi.org/10.7914/SN/Y7_2016
YB: Whitney Behr, Thorsten Becker, & Vera Schulte-Pelkum. (2018). Deep Fault Structure Beneath the Mojave from a High Density, Passive Seismic Profile [Data set]. International Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks. https://doi.org/10.7914/SN/YB_2018
YD: University of Leeds (2009). South Carpathian Project [Data set]. University of Leeds, United Kingdom.
YH: Trenton Cladouhos. (2016). Play Fairway Analysis - Passive monitoring of St. Helens Shear zone for tomography and precision microseismicity [Data set]. International Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks. https://doi.org/10.7914/SN/YH_2016
YN: Frank Vernon & Yehuda BenZion. (2010). San Jacinto Fault Zone Experiment [Data set]. International Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks. https://doi.org/10.7914/SN/YN_2010
YO: Jim Gaherty. (2014). Eastern North American Margin Community Seismic Experiment [Data set]. International Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks. https://doi.org/10.7914/SN/YO_2014
YU: Matthew Pritchard & Geoffrey Abers. (2019). Cornell University Earth Source Heat seismic network [Data set]. International Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks. https://doi.org/10.7914/SN/YU_2019
YV: Barruol, G., Sigloch, K., RHUM-RUM Group, & RESIF. (2017). RHUM-RUM experiment, 2011-2015, code YV (Réunion Hotspot and Upper Mantle – Réunion’s Unterer Mantel) funded by ANR, DFG, CNRS-INSU, IPEV, TAAF, instrumented by DEPAS, INSU-OBS, AWI and the Universities of Muenster, Bonn, La Réunion [Data set]. RESIF - Réseau Sismologique et géodésique Français. https://doi.org/10.15778/RESIF.YV2011
YX: Brandon Schmandt. (2016). Raton Basin UNM Broadband Network [Data set]. International Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks. https://doi.org/10.7914/SN/YX_2016
Z3: AlpArray Seismic Network. (2015). AlpArray Seismic Network (AASN) temporary component. AlpArray Working Group. https://doi.org/10.12686/alparray/z3_2015
Z4: Beucler, E., Bonnin, M., Zigone, D., RESIF, & Epos-France. (2024). Post-seismic deployment following the La Laigne, Ml4.9 earthquake that occurred on Friday June 16 in western France, France (RESIF-SISMOB) [Data set]. Epos-France Seismological Data Center. https://doi.org/10.15778/RESIF.Z42023
Z9: Karen M. Fischer, Robert B. Hawman, & Lara S. Wagner. (2010). Southeastern Suture of the Appalachian Margin Experiment [Data set]. International Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks. https://doi.org/10.7914/SN/Z9_2010
ZC: Jay Pulliam. (2013). Greater Antilles Seismic Program [Data set]. International Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks. https://doi.org/10.7914/SN/ZC_2013
ZD: Amberlee Darold. (2014). 4D Integrated Study Using Geology, Geophysics, Reservoir Modeling & Rock Mechanics to Develop Assessment Models for Potential In [Data set]. International Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks. https://doi.org/10.7914/SN/ZD_2014
ZL: Charles Langston, Heather DeShon, Christine Powell, Stephen Horton, Charles Ammon, Robert Herrmann, & William Thomas. (2011). Northern Embayment Lithospheric Experiment [Data set]. International Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks. https://doi.org/10.7914/SN/ZL_2011
ZP: Jefferson Chang. (2016). Seismic Investigation of South Central Oklahoma [Data set]. International Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks. https://doi.org/10.7914/SN/ZP_2016
ZS: Heit, B., Weber, M., Tilmann, F., Haberland, C., Jia, Y., Carraro, C., Walcher, G., Franceschini, A., & Pesaresi, D. (2017). The Swath-D Seismic Network in Italy and Austria [Data set]. GFZ Data Services. https://doi.org/10.14470/MF7562601148
ZW: Heather DeShon, Chris Hayward, Brian Stump, M. Beatrice Magnani, & Matthew Hornbach. (2013). North Texas Earthquake Study: Azle and Irving/Dallas [Data set]. International Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks. https://doi.org/10.7914/SN/ZW_2013
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