Characterizing High Rate GNSS Velocity Noise for Synthesizing a GNSS Strong Motion Learning Catalog

Authors

  • Timothy Dittmann EarthScope Consortium, USA; Ann and H. J. Smead Aerospace Engineering Sciences Department, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6104-7190
  • Y. Jade Morton Ann and H. J. Smead Aerospace Engineering Sciences Department, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9173-2888
  • Brendan Crowell Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7096-601X
  • Diego Melgar Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oregon, Eugene, USA
  • Jensen DeGrande Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4142-2587
  • David Mencin EarthScope Consortium, USA https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9984-6724

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26443/seismica.v2i2.978

Abstract

Data-driven approaches to identify geophysical signals have proven beneficial in high dimensional environments where model-driven methods fall short. GNSS offers a source of unsaturated ground motion observations that are the data currency of ground motion forecasting and rapid seismic hazard assessment and alerting. However, these GNSS-sourced signals are superposed onto hardware-, location- and time-dependent noise signatures influenced by the Earth’s atmosphere, low-cost or spaceborne oscillators, and complex radio frequency environments. Eschewing heuristic or physics based models for a data-driven approach in this context is a step forward in autonomous signal discrimination. However, the performance of a data-driven approach depends upon substantial representative samples with accurate classifications, and more complex algorithm architectures for deeper scientific insights compound this need. The existing catalogs of high-rate (≥1Hz) GNSS ground motions are relatively limited. In this work, we model and evaluate the probabilistic noise of GNSS velocity measurements over a hemispheric network. We generate stochastic noise time series to augment transferred low-noise strong motion signals from within 70 kilometers of strong events (≥ MW 5.0) from an existing inertial catalog. We leverage known signal and noise information to assess feature extraction strategies and quantify augmentation benefits. We find a classifier model trained on this expanded pseudo-synthetic catalog improves generalization compared to a model trained solely on a real-GNSS velocity catalog, and offers a framework for future enhanced data driven approaches.

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Dittmann, T., Morton, Y. J., Crowell, B., Melgar, D., DeGrande, J., & Mencin, D. (2023). Characterizing High Rate GNSS Velocity Noise for Synthesizing a GNSS Strong Motion Learning Catalog. Seismica, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.26443/seismica.v2i2.978

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